The National Cancer Institute announced this week that Virginia Commonwealth University Massey Cancer Center has won a highly competitive SPORE grant – the first ever awarded in the state of Virginia – intended to move research findings quickly from the laboratory to patients to address the disproportionate effects of lung cancer on the Black community.
The SPORE funding will establish a center called the Translational Research Center in Lung Cancer Disparities – TRACER for short – led by Massey and run in collaboration with Medical University of South Carolina Hollings Cancer Center and City of Hope in California. TRACER will also engage a host of community groups across all three states, including local health departments, community health centers, marginalized populations, civic activists, educational institutions, faith-based groups and cancer survivors.
“It’s important that the community has a seat at the table,” said TRACER principal investigator Robert Winn, M.D., director and Lipman Chair in Oncology at VCU Massey, senior associate dean for cancer innovation and a professor of pulmonary disease and critical care medicine at the VCU School of Medicine. “We’re optimistic that this dream team of researchers and community stakeholders will translate our basic science into clinical impact in reducing lung cancer disparities.”
“This is the first SPORE for Massey, and even more impressively, the first SPORE ever awarded in Virginia,” said Michael Rao, Ph.D., president of VCU and VCU Health System. “Being awarded this prestigious grant is a mark of Massey’s national leadership in addressing cancer disparities among those who need our attention. The creation of this research program – made possible by the SPORE award – also exemplifies VCU’s mission to combat health inequities, so that all human beings have equal opportunity to lead long and healthy lives.”
Although the racial gap in lung cancer cases appears to be closing, likely due to the success of anti-smoking campaigns, Black men still have a higher risk of developing lung cancer compared to white men, even though they tend to smoke less – an effect referred to as the “Black smoking paradox.” Black patients are also more likely than white patients to be diagnosed at later stages and to receive no treatment at all for their cancer.
To better understand the Black smoking paradox, TRACER will investigate how stress and smoking interact with gene expression to raise lung cancer risk for Black men. Preliminary data shows that Black men tend to express the PRMT6 gene – which drives lung tumor development – at higher levels than white men, and smoking further stimulates PRMT6 expression. This project will ask how stress plays in and create early detection tools suitable for use in the Black population.
Winn will co-lead this project with S. Patrick Nana-Sinkam, M.D., a member of Massey’s Cancer Prevention and Control research program and the Linda Grandis Blatt Endowed Chair in Cancer Research.
“It’s no secret that the Black community faces higher levels of stress, compared with more socioeconomically advantaged groups,” said Nana-Sinkam, who is also professor and chair of pulmonary disease and critical care medicine at the VCU School of Medicine. “We want to understand how environmental stress, smoking and biology intersect to increase lung cancer risk. And we want to translate that knowledge into better early detection and prevention tools, designed with the Black community in mind.”
The next project, led by Chanita Hughes-Halbert, Ph.D., will investigate how cortisol – the body’s main stress hormone – relates to racial differences in smoking behaviors and overall lung cancer risk. These findings could lead to more tailored approaches to smoking cessation as well as medications that reduce the lung cancer burden on the Black community by counteracting stress.
“We are excited to be a part of this collaboration that will lead to novel discoveries and advance the science for lung cancer equity through a multi-institutional collaboration,” said Hughes-Halbert, who retains an adjunct appointment at MUSC but recently joined the Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California (USC) and USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center as Vice Chair for Research and Associate Director for Cancer Equity.
Both projects will use human tissue and fluid samples collected across Massey, Hollings and City of Hope to ensure genetic and geographic diversity of research participants.
“TRACER is where the heart and mind come together – you have the intellect but also the researchers’ authentic commitment to equity in cancer care and outcomes,” said Hollings researcher Gayenell Magwood, Ph.D., who also is a professor in MUSC’s College of Nursing and will serve as the MUSC site primary investigator. “Our goal is to establish a center that can be used as a national model for promoting equity in multiple cancers and other diseases.”
Victoria Seewaldt, M.D., City of Hope’s Ruth Ziegler Chair in Population Sciences, will lead TRACER’s Developmental Research Program, which will identify and fund new lung cancer disparities research projects, beyond those explicitly outlined in this grant. For instance, projects may investigate how pollution contributes to lung cancer burden in Black communities.
“While smoking rates are declining, the incidence of non-smoking related lung cancer is on the rise. We need to better understand how disparities in exposure to air pollution contributes to lung cancer in African American men and women,” Seewaldt said. “Now is the time for change. Our goal is to generate the data to drive improvement in air quality, particularly for individuals living near highways and factories.”
After the three-year funding period of this initial award, which is considered a P20 exploratory grant, the infrastructure will be in place to apply for a larger, five-year P50 SPORE award that will establish a more permanent research program devoted to ending racial inequities in lung cancer.
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