We have a special weekend coming up in the USA. The Fourth of July is a great reason to get out the grill and invite family, friends and neighbors for a picnic. Just be careful you don’t invite an unwanted guest: foodborne illness.
According to the food safety experts at the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (VDACS), foodborne illnesses do increase during the summer for two reasons. First, there are the natural causes. Bacteria are present throughout the environment in soil, air, water and in the bodies of people and animals. These microorganisms grow faster in the warm summer months. Most foodborne bacteria grow fastest at temperatures from 90 to 110°F. Bacteria also need moisture to flourish, and summer weather is often hot and humid. Given the right circumstances, harmful bacteria can quickly multiply. When this happens, someone eating the food can get sick.
A second reason for the summertime increase in foodborne illness is that outside activities increase in the summer, including eating outdoors. More people are cooking outside at picnics, barbecues and on camping trips. The safety controls that a kitchen provides — thermostat-controlled cooking, refrigeration and washing facilities — are usually not available.
Fortunately, people seldom get sick from contaminated food because most people have a healthy immune system that protects them not only from harmful bacteria on food, but from other harmful organisms in the environment. Government agencies and food producers go to great lengths to keep food safe, and, of course, consumers can protect themselves at home with proper refrigeration and thorough cooking of perishable food.
We know foodborne illness increases in warm weather. But consumers can protect themselves by following these four simple steps to safer food in the summertime: Clean, Separate, Cook and Chill.
Clean: Wash Hands and Surfaces Often.
Unwashed hands are a prime cause of foodborne illness. Wash your hands with warm, soapy water before handling food and after using the bathroom, changing diapers and handling pets. When eating outdoors away from home, find out if there’s a source of safe drinking water. If not, bring water for preparation and cleaning. Or pack clean, wet, disposable washcloths or moist towelettes and paper towels for cleaning hands and surfaces.
Separate: Don’t Cross-Contaminate.
Cross-contamination during preparation, grilling and serving food is a prime cause of foodborne illness. When packing the cooler chest for an outing, wrap raw meats securely; do not allow raw meat juices to come in contact with ready-to-eat food. Wash and sanitize plates, utensils and cutting boards that held the raw meat or poultry before using again for cooked food.
Cook: Always Cook to Safe Temperatures.
Food safety experts agree that food is safely cooked when it is heated for a long enough time and at a high enough temperature to kill harmful bacteria that cause foodborne illness. Take your food thermometer along. Meat and poultry cooked on a grill often browns very fast on the outside, so be sure that meats are cooked thoroughly. Check them with a food thermometer. See vdacs.virginia.gov/foodsafety/safetytips.shtml for a Safe Food Temperature Chart.
Chill: Refrigerate Promptly.
Holding food at an unsafe temperature is a prime cause of foodborne illness. Keep cold food cold! Cold refrigerated perishable food like luncheon meats, cooked meats, chicken and potato or pasta salads should be kept in an insulated cooler packed with several inches of ice, ice packs or containers of frozen water. Consider packing canned beverages in one cooler and perishable food in another cooler because the beverage cooler will probably be opened frequently. Keep the cooler in the coolest part of the car, and place in the shade or shelter, out of the sun, whenever possible. Preserve the cold temperature of the cooler by replenishing the ice as soon as it starts melting. If a cooler chest is not an option, consider taking fruits, vegetables, hard cheeses, canned or dried meats, dried cereal, bread, peanut butter, crackers and a bottle of refreshing beverage.
If you don’t plan to eat take-out food within two hours of purchase, plan ahead and chill the food in your refrigerator before packing for your outing. Leftovers? Food left out of refrigeration for more than two hours may not be safe to eat. Above 90°F, food should not be left out more than one hour. Play it safe; put leftover perishables back on ice once you finish eating so they do not spoil or become unsafe to eat.
Finally, if in doubt, throw it out. And have a safe and happy Fourth of July.
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